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The first Hubble photos of exoplanets

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switched on Hubble Space Telescope "Fomalhaut B"

Using a special camera of the space telescope Hubble has managed U.S. scientists, the first pictures of a planet 25 light years to shoot outside of our solar system. The planet is very similar to the gas planet Jupiter, and lies in the constellation of the Southern fish, said Paul Kalas of the U.S. University of Berkeley, whose team published the results.



Christian name: Fomalhaut B The so-called exoplanet orbiting
the 25 light-years distant star Fomalhaut in the southern sky, like the European Hubble Centre reported in Garching near Munich. He is the calculation that about three times as massive as the largest planet in our own system, the Jupiter. Astronomers had long been suspected of a planet Fomalhaut, but only now had himself photographed in the Trabant. He appears as a tiny speck in the picture and Fomalhaut B was baptized. should

to live Only one billion years
chances for life there in the Fomalhaut system be little: the star consumes its fuel so quickly that he had burned out in about a billion years. "This means that there is little opportunity for the development of advanced life on any habitable planet, the star has, perhaps," Hubble said the European Centre in Garching.

It is not the first discovery of a system of multiple planets around another star, but according to the astronomers for the first time that such a system could be photographed directly. "We have been trying for eight years to form planets - without success," said Bruce Macintosh of the discovery team. "We finally have a real image of an entire system. This is a milestone in the search and the classification of planetary systems."

planetary system scanned at a different star
A second group of researchers led by Christian Marois from the Canadian Research Council has succeeded for the first time a system of multiple planets in a different Stern to scan. Equal to three so-called exoplanets, they found on their infrared absorption at the 130 light-years distant sun HR 8799 in the constellation Pegasus. The researchers estimate the planetary system to the age of about 60 million years.




New worlds like an assembly line
begins a new phase of planetary research: Four planets are new to the list of known exoplanets.
link to FOCUS editor Michael Odenwald

Not one, not two - no, three planets in a single North American astronomers have photographed distant solar system. The cornucopia of new observations was to but not yet cleared. Another research group was a snapshot of a satellite that orbits the star Fomalhaut. Thus, the planetary research has entered a new phase. Up to now, the planet hunters could detect satellites that orbit distant stars, only indirectly. Mostly they were discovered by the "wobbling" of their suns, which is triggered when the gravity of their companions in one revolution are dragged back and forth. The quartet is now new to the list of the 322 known exoplanets.


Christian Marois of Canada The Research Council Herzberg Institute of
Astrophys, Canada
Hubble Centre in Garching in the discovery team Bruce Macintosh,
Germany
ARD
tagesschau.de

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number two of the brightest stars

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find researchers in the Milky Way extremely luminous celestial body

The brightest star in the Milky Way has some competition: German astronomers have in a nebula near the center of our galaxy has a Stern agreed that emits about 3.2 million times as much energy as our sun. This is due to its dimensions and color provisionally called Peony nebula star celestial body slightly below the brightness of the record holder Eta Carina, but such brightness measurements so inaccurate that he definitely still could move up to the top. The brightness the Peony nebula star, astronomers at the University of Potsdam Lidia Oskinova with measurement data of the Spitzer Space Telescope calculated, stated the U.S. space agency NASA, the Spitzer maintains.

The researchers trained the Spitzer Space Telescope and other telescopes of the European Southern Observatory in Chile in the Peony nebula in the constellation Sagittarius. Infrared light penetrates the fog, in contrast to visible light, so that they could smoke in the hidden star investigate further. From the intense emissions, comparable to the solar wind, they were supposed to close the brightness of 3.2 million suns. The record holder Eta Carinae in the constellation keel in the southern sky lies with the 4.7-million-fold solar emission slightly above.

The researchers are interested not so much of who holds the record or break, but how these stars can exist. Both stars belong to the so-called Wolf-Rayet stars, blue giants, take the 100 to 200 solar masses on the scale. The Pentecostal rust-nebula has a diameter of 100 times the sun. The researchers estimate that it will not be very old. In a few million years it will be life as a star explosion, called a supernova exhale.

already achieved the threat it solar wind speeds of over one million kilometers per hour. Only with a more refined model of the particle current, the researchers could interpret the observations of the star more reliable. The particle is believed to explain the cause for the surrounding nebula, the researchers said.

ddp / wissenschaft.de - Martin Shepherd
statement of NASA
17.07.2008 - Astronomy



For more information:
http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/spitzer
and
http://www.nasa.gov/spitzer

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discovered trio of super-Earths

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one of three stars might have planets

astronomers is a breakthrough in the search for extrasolar planets have succeeded when they discovered three super-Earths - planets with less than ten times the mass of Earth - in orbit around a Sun-like star HD 40307th According to scientists, the evidence suggests that even a Sun-like stars could have three planets.

Since the discovery of planets around a foreign star in 1995, astronomers have made more than 270 exoplanets identified. Most of them revolve around sun-like stars, however, are gas giants like Jupiter or Saturn. According to current statistics about the orbits of 14 stars from such a planet. So-called super-Earths, Planets with masses less than Uranus and Neptune, roughly 15 times Earth's mass which have, however, been found so far are rather rare. Their detection failed, due to the still inadequate technical capabilities.

"Housed perhaps even planets each star? And if so, how many? "Planet hunter Michel Mayor from Geneva Observatory asks. "Once we know the answers, but we are making great progress." For now, astronomers with new instruments to further and more specific look out into space. "With developments such as the HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6 meter telescope at the European Southern Observatory in La Silla, we can now even smaller planets the order of between two and ten times the mass of the Earth discovered, "said his colleague Stephane Udry.

three planets in one go
Using HARPS, the astronomers discovered a system of three super-Earths around a normal Sun-like star. HD 40 307 has a slightly smaller mass than our sun and located 42 light-years away in the southern sky visible between the constellations Doradus and Pictor. "We have made very precise measurements of the velocity of the star over the last five years," said Mayor. "They clearly reveal the presence of three planets."

The fluctuations that the cause planet by gravity in the speed of the central star, are tiny, just a few meters per second. No wonder, their mass but a hundred thousand times smaller than that of its star. Only because of the extreme sensitivity of HARPS instrument could these changes be detected at all.

The values can even close the astronomers on the sizes and rotational speeds of the three planets. The innermost is 4.2 Earth masses and orbits the parent star in just 4.3 days, and the second weighs 6.67 Earth masses and takes 9.6 days to orbit and the third, outermost, 9.4 times the mass of Earth and has to have a orbital period of 20.4 days.

tip of the iceberg
"It seems clear that these planets are only the tip of the iceberg," said Mayor. "The analysis of all the stars we have investigated so far with HARPS shows that have about one-third of all solar-like stars either super-Earth or Neptune-like planets with orbital periods shorter than 50 days." Since planets more easily in a tight, short orbit discover, as such, on wide, outer orbit, it is mainly this type that have dominated the discoveries. But researchers sic h are sure that the space still a lot further, even Earth-sized planets waiting to be discovered.

It is highly likely that there are many other planets: not only super-Earth and Neptune-like with longer periods, but also Earth-like we have not yet been able to discover, "Sun Udry. "If then the known Jupiter-like planet one of these, then you get very quickly to the conclusion that planets are quite common."


(NPO, ESO, 17.06.2008)
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